Monads in Programming - references
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See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monads_in_functional_programming as the primary source of references.

This link: http://mikael.jansson.be/hacking/misc/export/83/tutors_and_papers/haskell/db-utwente-0000003696.pdf is a complicated, boring but comprehensive explanation of monadic terminology used in programming.

"Comprehending “Comprehending Monads”' by Frederik Eaton: http://ofb.net/~frederik/comp2.pdf is a 3-page nice glossary of terms and notions.

In Haskell, u is called return, and m is called combinator, or 'join'.

Haskell books mention List as an example of a monad, and have a rather special interpretation of State Machine Monad.

Another example of a monad is Google's map/reduce.